Publications by Author

David Takeuchi

Research

Abe-Kim, J.; Takeuchi, D. T.; Hong, S.; Zane, N.; Sue, S.; Spencer, M. S.; Appel, H.; Nicdao, E.; Alegria, M., (2007), Use of Mental Health-Related Services Among Immigrant and US-Born Asian Americans: Results From the National Latino and Asian American Study, American journal of public health, 97(1): 91.

Objectives. We examined rates of mental health–related service use (i.e., any, general medical, and specialty mental health services) as well as subjective satisfaction with and perceived helpfulness of care in a national sample of Asian Americans, with a particular focus on immigration-related factors.

Methods. Data were derived from the National Latino and Asian American Study (2002–2003).

Results. About 8.6% of the total sample (n=2095) sought any mental health–related services; 34.1% of individuals who had a probable diagnosis sought any services. Rates of mental health–related service use, subjective satisfaction, and perceived helpfulness varied by birthplace and by generation. US-born Asian Americans demonstrated higher rates of service use than did their immigrant counterparts. Third-generation or later individuals who had a probable diagnosis had high (62.6%) rates of service use in the previous 12 months.

Conclusions. Asian Americans demonstrated lower rates of any type of mental health–related service use than did the general population, although there are important exceptions to this pattern according to nativity status and generation status. Our results underscore the importance of immigration-related factors in understanding service use among Asian Americans.

David T. Takeuchi, Nolan Zane, Seunghye Hong, David H. Chae, Fang Gong, Gilbert C. Gee, Emily Walton, Stanley Sue, and Margarita Alegría (2007). Immigration-Related Factors and Mental Disorders Among Asian Americans. American journal of public health, 97(1): 84-90.

Objectives. We examined lifetime and 12-month rates of any depressive, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders in a national sample of Asian Americans. We focused on factors related to nativity and immigration as possible correlates of mental disorders. Methods. Data were derived from the National Latino and Asian American Study, the first national epidemiological survey of Asian Americans in the United States. Results. The relationships between immigration-related factors and mental disorders were different for men and women. Among women, nativity was strongly associated with lifetime disorders, with immigrant women having lower rates of most disorders compared with US-born women. Conversely, English proficiency was associated with mental disorders for Asian men. Asian men who spoke English proficiently generally had lower rates of lifetime and 12-month disorders compared with nonproficient speakers. Conclusions. For Asian Americans, immigration-related factors were associated with mental disorders, but in different ways for men and women. Future studies will need to examine gender as an important factor in specifying the association between immigration and mental health.

Berthold, S. M.; Takeuchi, D.; Wong, E. C.; Schell, T. L.; Marshall, G. N.; Elliott, M. N.; Hambarsoomians, K., (2007), U.S. Cambodian Refugees' Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Mental Health Problems, Psychiatric services : a journal of the American Psychiatric Association., 58(9): 1212.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined U.S. Cambodian refugees' use of complementary and alternative medicine and Western sources of care for psychiatric problems. Analyses assessed the extent to which complementary and alternative medicine was used in the absence of Western mental health treatment and whether use of complementary and alternative medicine was associated with decreased use of Western services.

METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a representative sample drawn from the largest Cambodian refugee community in the United States. The sample included 339 persons who met criteria in the past 12 months for posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, or alcohol use disorder. Respondents described contact with complementary and alternative medicine and Western service providers for psychological problems in the preceding 12 months. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used.

RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of the sample sought Western mental health services, and 34% relied on complementary and alternative medicine in the past year. Seeking complementary and alternative medicine was strongly and positively associated with seeking Western services, contrary to the hypothesis that use of complementary and alternative medicine inhibits seeking Western mental health treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Only a small percentage of Cambodian refugees used complementary and alternative medicine exclusively (5%), and utilization of complementary and alternative medicine was positively associated with seeking Western sources of care for mental health problems. Complementary and alternative medicine use does not appear to be a significant barrier to mental health treatment in this population, contrary to the Surgeon General's conclusion that Asian Americans' use of alternative resources may inhibit their utilization of Western mental health care.

Chatterji, P.; Takeuchi, D.; Alegria, M.; Lu, M., (2007), Psychiatric disorders and labor market outcomes: evidence from the National Latino and Asian American Study, Health economics, 16(10),1069.

This paper investigates to what extent psychiatric disorders and mental distress affect labor market outcomes in two rapidly growing populations that have not been studied to date-ethnic minorities of Latino and Asian descent, most of whom are immigrants. Using data from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), we examine the labor market effects of meeting diagnostic criteria for any psychiatric disorder in the past 12 months as well as the effects of psychiatric distress in the past year. The labor market outcomes analyzed are current employment status, the number of weeks worked in the past year among those who are employed, and having at least one work absence in the past month among those who are employed. Among Latinos, psychiatric disorders and mental distress are associated with detrimental effects on employment and absenteeism, similar to effects found in previous analyses of mostly white, American born populations. Among Asians, we find more mixed evidence that psychiatric disorders and mental distress detract from labor market outcomes. Our findings suggest that reducing disparities and expanding access to effective treatment may have significant labor market benefits-not just for majority populations, as has been demonstrated, but also for Asians and Latinos. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Duan, N.; Takeuchi, D.; Alegria, M.; Canino, G.; McGuire, T. G., (2007), Methods Articles: Survey Conditioning in Self-Reported Mental Health Service Use: Randomized Comparison of Alternative Instrument Formats, Health Services Research, 42(2), 890-907.

Objective. To test the effect of survey conditioning (whether observed survey responses are affected by previous experience in the same survey or similar surveys) in a survey instrument used to assess mental health service use.

Data Sources. Primary data collected in the National Latino and Asian American Study, a cross-sectional household survey of Latinos and Asian Americans residing in the United States.

Study Design. Study participants are randomly assigned to a Traditional Instrument with an interleafed format placing service use questions after detailed questions on disorders, or a Modified Instrument with an ensemble format screening for service use near the beginning of the survey. We hypothesize the ensemble format to be less susceptible to survey conditioning than the interleafed format. We compare self-reported mental health services use measures (overall, aggregate categories, and specific categories) between recipients of the two instruments, using 2 × 2 ?2 tests and logistic regressions that control for key covariates. Data Collection. In-person computer-assisted interviews, conducted in respondent's preferred language (English, Spanish, Mandarin Chinese, Tagalog, or Vietnamese).

Principal Findings. Higher service use rates are reported with the Modified Instrument than with the Traditional Instrument for all service use measures; odds ratios range from 1.41 to 3.10, all p-values .001. Results are similar across ethnic groups and insensitive to model specification.

Conclusions. Survey conditioning biases downward reported mental health service use when the instrument follows an interleafed format. An ensemble format should be used when it is feasible for measures that are susceptible to survey conditioning.

Gee, G. C.; Takeuchi, D.; Spencer, M. S.; Chen, J., (2007), A Nationwide Study of Discrimination and Chronic Health Conditions Among Asian Americans, American journal of public health, 97(7), 1275.

Objectives. We examined whether self-reported everyday discrimination was associated with chronic health conditions among a nationally representative sample of Asian Americans.

Methods. Data were from the Asian American subsample (n = 2095) of the National Latino and Asian American Study conducted in 2002 and 2003. Regression techniques (negative binomial and logistic) were used to examine the association between discrimination and chronic health conditions. Analyses were conducted for the entire sample and 3 Asian subgroups (Chinese, Vietnamese, and Filipino).

Results. Reports of everyday discrimination were associated with many chronic conditions, after we controlled for age, gender, region, per capita income, education, employment, and social desirability bias. Discrimination was also associated with indicators of heart disease, pain, and respiratory illnesses. There were some differences by Asian subgroup.

Conclusions. Everyday discrimination may contribute to stress experienced by racial/ethnic minorities and could lead to chronic illness.

Gee, G. C.; Takeuchi, D. T.; Delva, J., (2007), Relationships Between Self-Reported Unfair Treatment and Prescription Medication Use, Illicit Drug Use, and Alcohol Dependence Among Filipino Americans, American journal of public health, 97(5), 933.

Objectives. We examined associations between self-reported unfair treatment and prescription medication use, illicit drug use, and alcohol dependence.

Methods. We used data from the Filipino American Community Epidemiological Survey, a cross-sectional investigation involving 2217 Filipino Americans interviewed in 1998–1999. Multinomial logistic and negative binomial regression analyses were used in assessing associations between unfair treatment and the substance use categories.

Results. Reports of unfair treatment were associated with prescription drug use, illicit drug use, and alcohol dependence after control for age, gender, location of residence, employment status, educational level, ethnic identity level, nativity, language spoken, marital status, and several health conditions.

Conclusions. Unfair treatment may contribute to illness and subsequent use of prescription medications. Furthermore, some individuals may use illicit drugs and alcohol to cope with the stress associated with such treatment. Addressing the antecedents of unfair treatment may be a potential intervention route.

Gee, G. C.; Takeuchi, D. T.; Spencer, M.; Chen, J.; Yip, T., (2007), The association between self-reported racial discrimination and 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders among Asian Americans nationwide, Social science & medicine., 64(10), 1984.

Growing research finds that reports of discrimination are associated with mental health. However, many US studies are focused on regional samples and do not control for important confounders such as other stressors and response factors. The present study examines the association between self-reported racial discrimination and DSM-IV defined mental disorders among Asian respondents to the 2002–2003 US National Latino and Asian American Study (n = 2047). Logistic regression analyses indicated that self-reported racial discrimination was associated with greater odds of having any DSM-IV disorder, depressive disorder, or anxiety disorder within the past 12 months—controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, acculturative stress, family cohesion, poverty, self-rated health, chronic physical conditions, and social desirability. Further, multinomial logistic regression found that individuals who reported discrimination were at a twofold greater risk of having one disorder within the past 12 months, and a threefold greater risk of having two or more disorders. Thus, self-reported discrimination was associated with increased risk of mental disorders among Asian Americans across the United States and this relationship was not explained by social desirability, physical health, other stressors, and sociodemographic factors. Should these associations ultimately be shown enduring and causal, they suggest that policies designed to reduce discrimination may help improve mental health.

Takeuchi, D. T.; Alegria, M.; Jackson, J. S.; Williams, D. R., (2007), Immigration and Mental Health: Diverse Findings in Asian, Black, and Latino Populations, American journal of public health, 97(1), 11.

No abstract is available for this article.

Alegria, M.; Takeuchi, D.; Cao, Z.; McGuire, T. G.; Ojeda, V. D.; Sribney, B.; Woo, M.; Takeuchi, D., (2006), Research Papers - Health Insurance Coverage for Vulnerable Populations: Contrasting Asian Americans and Latinos in the United States, Inquiry, 43(3), 231.

This paper examines the role that population vulnerabilities play in insurance coverage for a representative sample of Latinos and Asians in the United States. Using data from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), these analyses compare coverage differences among and within ethnic subgroups, across states and regions, among types of occupations, and among those with or without English language proficiency. Extensive differences exist in coverage between Latinos and Asians, with Latinos more likely to be uninsured. Potential explanations include the type of occupations available to Latinos and Asians, reforms in immigration laws, length of time in the United States, and regional differences in safety-net coverage. Policy implications are discussed.

Chae, D. H.; R., G. A.; Takeuchi, D. T., (2006), RESEARCH - Smoking Prevalence Among Asian Americans: Findings from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), Public health reports., 121(6), 755.

Objective. National studies suggest that the prevalence of current smoking among Asian Americans is lower than that for other racial/ethnic groups. However, these studies may have yielded inaccurate estimates because of the underrepresentation of non-English-speaking groups. Using data from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), the authors estimated the prevalence of current and lifetime smoking among Asian Americans.

Methods. Current and lifetime smoking status was assessed through a population-based survey administered to Asian American adults aged 18 and older.

Results. An overall current smoking prevalence of 14.9% was found, with notable differences by gender, nativity, and other sociodemographic factors. The prevalence of current smoking was higher among foreign-born vs. U.S.-born men (24.9% vs. 15.6%), while U.S.-born women had a higher prevalence than foreign-born women (6.3% vs. 11.7%). Overall, 28.3% of Asian Americans were ever smokers (including current and former smokers), suggesting that approximately half of ever smokers cease smoking. Results indicated that some Asian American groups are more likely to initiate smoking and/or be more likely to continue smoking.

Conclusion. Results revealed that the prevalence of current smoking exceeds that of the general U.S. population for some Asian American groups and suggest that excluding non-English-speaking Asian Americans may underestimate the prevalence of smoking among men. Findings indicate that some Asian American groups are at greater risk for initiating smoking and/or continuing smoking, and highlight the need for tailored interventions that address differential smoking patterns by gender, nativity, and other social characteristics.

Gee, G. C.; Takeuchi, D.; Chen, J.; Spencer, M. S.; See, S.; Kuester, O. A.; Tran, D., (2006), Social Support as a Buffer for Perceived Unfair Treatment Among Filipino Americans: Differences Between San Francisco and Honolulu, American journal of public health, 96(4), 677.

Objectives. We examined whether perceived unfair treatment is associated with health conditions, whether social support moderates this association, and whether such relationships differ by location.

Methods. Data were derived from the 1998–1999 Filipino American Community Epidemiological Study, a cross-sectional investigation of 2241 Filipino Americans living in San Francisco and Honolulu. Negative binomial regression was used to examine potential 2-way and 3-way interactions between support, unfair treatment, and city (San Francisco vs Honolulu).

Results. Reports of unfair treatment were associated with increased illness after control for education, employment, acculturation, ethnic identity, negative life events, gender, and age. Furthermore, 2-way interactions were found between instrumental support and city, emotional support and city, and unfair treatment and city, and a 3-way interaction was shown between instrumental support, unfair treatment, and city.

Conclusions. Local contexts may influence the types of treatment encountered by members of ethnic minority groups, as well as their resources. These factors in turn may have implications for health disparities and well-being.

Lau, A. S.; Takeuchi, D. T.; Alegria, M., (2006), Parent-to-Child Aggression among Asian American Parents: Culture, Context, and Vulnerability, Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(5), 1261-1275.

We examined correlates of lifetime parent-to-child aggression in a representative sample of 1,293 Asian American parents. Correlates examined included nativity, indicators of acculturation, socioeconomic status, family climate, and stressors associated with minority status. Results revealed that Asian Americans of Chinese descent and those who immigrated as youth were more likely to report minor parental aggression; ethnicity and nativity were not associated with severe aggression. Indices of acculturation did not predict risk, but minority status stressors (perceived discrimination, low social standing) predicted risk of both minor and severe aggression. Affective climate differed markedly in families with minor versus severe aggression. Parental aggression in Asian American families may not be cultural per se, but stress associated with immigrant family context may heighten vulnerability.

Takeuchi, D. and D. Williams. (2006). Introduction to the special issue on race, ethnicity and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior.

The link to the abstract for this article is not available.

G. Gee and D. Takeuchi. (2004). Traffic stress, vehicular burden and well- being: A multilevel analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 59 (2): 405-414.

This study examined whether health is associated with individually perceived traffic stress and as well as ecologically measured vehicular burden using multi-level analysis. Data from the Chinese American psychiatric epidemiologic study (N=1503) are linked to data from the 1990 Census in the United States. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the cross-sectional relationship between traffic stress, neighborhood conditions, depression and health status. Perceived traffic stress is associated with both general health status and depression in multivariate multilevel models, such that persons reporting traffic stress had lower health status and more depressive symptoms. Further, there is an interaction between vehicular burden and traffic stress for both health outcomes. Persons who lived in areas with greater vehicular burden and who reported the most traffic stress also had the lowest health status and greatest depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that traffic stress may represent an important factor that influences the previous term well-being next term of urban populations, and that studies which examine factors at only one level (either individual level only or ecological level only) may underestimate the effect of the social environment.

Takeuchi, D. and S. Gage. (2003). What to do with race? Changing notions of race in the social sciences. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 27, 435-45.

The Supplement to the Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health documents that race, ethnicity, and culture are linked to the use of mental health services and the receipt of quality mental health care. The Supplement provides an elaborate discussion on how culture affects mental health care without a corresponding level of discourse on race. How race is handled in the Supplement suggests that it is still a sensitive topic and one that is difficult to address in a public report. This sensitivity parallels the difficulties that the social sciences have had in investigating issues of race. In this paper, we highlight some perspectives that have influenced the way race has been studied in the past and how these views reflect the general political climates of the eras that produced them.

Gong, F., D. Takeuchi, P. Agbayani-Siewert, and L. Tacata. (2003). Acculturation, Psychological Distress and Alcohol Use: Investigating the Effects of Ethnic Identity and Religiosity. Pp 189-206, In Acculturation: Advances in Theory, Measurement, and Applied Research. Chun, K.M., Balls Organista, P., & Marin, G. (Eds.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

A description of this publication is not available.

Abe-Kim, J., D. Takeuchi, and W. Hwang. (2002). Predictors of helpseeking for emotional distress among Chinese Americans: Family Matters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 70(5), 1186-1190.

Using data from the Chinese American Psychiatric Epidemiological Study, the authors examined longitudinal predictors of help seeking for emotional distress in a community sample of 1,503 Chinese Americans. Specifically, they assessed the relative contribution of family relational variables (e.g., levels of family support and family conflict) in predicting help seeking for medical, mental health, and informal services. After traditional need, predisposing, and enabling factors were controlled for in hierarchical logistic regression analyses, family conflict predicted both mental health and medical service use, whereas family support was not predictive of help seeking. In addition to family conflict, mental health service use was predicted by negative life events, emotional distress, and insurance coverage. Implications of the findings for assessing and treating Asian American clients is explored.

Goto, S., G. Gee and D. Takeuchi. (2002). Strangers still? The experience of discrimination among Chinese Americans. Journal of Community Psychology, 30(2):211-224.

This study investigates the perceptions of discrimination within an Asian American community. Over 1,500 Chinese Americans were interviewed regarding experiences with unfair treatment due to their race or ethnicity and their language and or accent. Demographic variables, acculturation level, and amount of contact opportunity were used to predict perceived discrimination using multiple hierarchical logistic analyses. Approximately 21% of Chinese Americans reported being unfairly treated in their lifetime. The specific predictors varied depending on whether the discrimination was due to race and ethnicity, or language and accent. Retention of cultural practices, age of immigration, and contact opportunity were associated with racial discrimination. Only contact opportunity was associated with language and accent discrimination. Implications are discussed with respect to perceptions of similarity, the contact hypothesis, and bicultural adjustment.

Takeuchi, D., C. Chun, F. Gong and H. Shen. (2002). Cultural expressions of distress. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine, 6(2):221-35.

The link to the abstract for this article is not available.

Lau, A. and D. Takeuchi. (2001). Cultural values in helpseeking for child behavior problems: value orientation, affective responding, and severity appraisals among Chinese American parents. Journal of Community Psychology, 29:675-692.

This study explored the relationships between cultural values, appraisal of child behavior problems, and associated help-seeking intentions among Chinese-American parents. Questionnaires were administered to 120 Chinese-American parents of elementary-school-aged children. Parents were asked how they might respond if their child displayed the behavioral problems depicted in a hypothetical vignette. Influences of Chinese value orientation, severity appraisal, and affective reactions on help-seeking intentions were examined using regression analyses and structural equation modeling. The study examined three hypotheses regarding the nature of the influence of cultural value orientation on help-seeking intentions: (a) a direct effect model, (b) an indirect effect through cultural differences in severity appraisal, and (c) an indirect effect through cultural differences in affective responding. Results supported the hypothesis that cultural value orientation exerted an indirect effect on help-seeking intentions through its influence on affective responding. Those parents who had more traditional Chinese values responded with more feelings of shame to child behavior problems and, in turn, reported lower intentions to seek help. Findings are discussed with reference to the literature on help-seeking among Asian Americans.

Shen, B. and D. Takeuchi. (2001). A structural model of acculturation and mental health status among Chinese Americans. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29:387-418.

This study examined the role of acculturation and its direct and indirect impact on depressive symptom severity through various correlates, including socioeconomic status (SES), stress, social support, personality negativity, and physical health perception. Using structural equation modeling, the proposed model was tested with 983 employed Chinese Americans from a representative community sample, the majority of whom were immigrants. The results demonstrated that acculturation, correlated with SES, contributed to depressive symptom severity only through indirect pathways. Higher acculturation was found associated with higher stress that in turn contributed to more elevated depressive symptoms. On the other hand, higher acculturation was also found strongly correlated with higher SES, which was associated with lower depressive symptoms directly or indirectly through several mediators. Better support, lower personality negativity, better health perception, and lower stress were found mediating the relationship between higher SES and lower depressive symptom severity. The simultaneous multigroup analysis showed that the final model was comparable for both men and women with very few differences.

Chang, Doris, C. Chun, D. Takeuchi and H. Shen. (2000). SF-36 health survey: Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability in a community sample of Chinese Americans. Medical Care, 38:542-8.

Background. Chinese Americans are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States; however, language and cultural obstacles have challenged health workers and policy makers seeking to understand the health status and needs of this population.

Objectives. This study is the first to use a large-scale probability design to evaluate the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) in a Chinese population (n = 1,501).

Methods. Using the International Quality of Life Assessment Project protocols, we examine summated-rating scaling assumptions, item-internal consistency, item-discriminant validity, and reliability.

Results. Similar to previous studies, our tests indicated that the SF-36 generally met minimum psychometric criteria with high reliability and satisfactory scaling success rates for most scales. However, the performance of the vitality and mental health scales was less satisfactory with regard to discriminant validity and scaling success rates. Notably, our results indicate that VT3 and VT4 ("feel worn out" and "tired," respectively) formed a separate "fatigue" cluster more highly correlated with the mental health scale. However, MH4 and MH5 ("downhearted and blue" [reverse coded] and "been a happy person") were more highly correlated with the vitality scale, suggesting that it may be more meaningful to reorganize the vitality and mental health items along the dimensions of well-being and distress.

Conclusions. These results are interpreted within a cultural framework; however, additional work is needed to better understand the relationship between vitality and mental health for Chinese Americans. Chun, D., Suh, D., and D. Takeuchi. (2000). Access to Health Care Among Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. The link to the abstract for this article is not available.

Hwang, W., H. F. Myers and D. Takeuchi. (2000). Psychosocial predictors of first onset depression in Chinese Americans. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35:133-45.

Background: This study examines the longitudinal and concurrent risk factors associated with first-onset major depression in a community sample of 1747 Chinese Americans in Los Angeles.

Methods: The relative contributions of demographic, health, psychiatric, psychosocial, and cultural variables were assessed in a series of longitudinal and concurrent hierarchical multivariable analyses.

Results: Results of the longitudinal analyses indicated that the risk for experiencing a first major depressive episode at 18-months follow-up was higher for those who initially rated their health as poor, reported higher depressive symptoms, and perceived higher levels of social support. After controlling for prior health and psychiatric and psychosocial status at time 1, the results of the concurrent analyses indicated that the risk for experiencing a first major depressive episode at time 2 was higher for those who rated their health as poor, had at least one other psychiatric disorder, were bilingual, experienced high levels of life stress, and perceived themselves as having low and/or decreased social supports.

Conclusions: The results of this study confirm previous evidence that psychosocial vulnerabilities, including higher acculturation, greater stress exposure and reduced social supports, are important predictors of risk for first-onset depressive episodes. Prevention and treatment implications are addressed, and future directions for research are offered.

Hwang, W., C. Chun, K. Kurasaki, W. Mak, and D. Takeuchi. (2000). Factor validity scores on a social support and conflict measure among Chinese Americans. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60:808-16.

Data collected from the Chinese American Psychiatric Epidemiological Study (CAPES) were used to examine the factor validity of selected social support and conflict indices among 1,152 married Chinese Americans. Gender, age, and a 36-item social interaction scale consisting of six separate indices of social support and social conflict (spouse, family, and friend) were factor analyzed. As expected, cross-cultural validity of scores on all six social interaction indices was confirmed, lending empirical support to the notion that social support and conflict from different sources are distinct constructs in Chinese Americans.

McLoyd, V., A.M. Cauce, D. Takeuchi, and L. Wilson. (2000). Marital processes and parental socialization in families of color: A decade review of research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62:1070-93.

Research published during the past decade on African American, Latino, and Asian American families is reviewed. Emphasis is given to selected issues within the broad domains of marriage and parenting. The first section highlights demographic trends in family formation and family structure and factors that contributed to secular changes in family structure among African Americans. In the second section, new conceptualizations of marital relations within Latino families are discussed, along with research documenting the complexities in African American men's conceptions of manhood. Studies examining within-group variation in marital conflict and racial and ethnic differences in division of household labor, marital relations, and children's adjustment to marital and family conflict also are reviewed. The third section gives attention to research on (a) paternal involvement among fathers of color; (b) the relation of parenting behavior to race and ethnicity, grandmother involvement, neighborhood and peer characteristics, and immigration; and (c) racial and ethnic socialization. The article concludes with an overview of recent advances in the study of families of color and important challenges and issues that represent research opportunities for the new decade.

Takeuchi, D. and K. Flower Kim. (2000). Enhancing mental health care delivery for diverse populations. Contemporary Sociology, 29:74-83.

Takeuchi and Kim argue that race and ethnicity are likely to affect significantly the mental health services delivery system. The constructs of mental health and illness have arbitrary boundaries that depend on social and cultural meanings that society attaches to different behaviors.

Agbayani-Siewert, P., D. Takeuchi, and R. Pangan. (1999). Mental illness in a multicultural context. In C. Aneshensal and J. Phelan (Eds), Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health. New York: Plenum.

The link to the description of this publication is not available.

Subramanian, S.K. and D. Takeuchi. (1999). The complexities of diversity: Substance abuse among Asian Americans. In S. Kar (Ed.), Substance Abuse Prevention: A Multicultural Perspective. Amityville, New York: Baywood Publishing.

The link to the description of this publication is not available.

Takeuchi, D., E. Uehara, and G. Maramba. (1999). Cultural Diversity and Mental Health Treatment. In A. Horwitz and T. Scheid (Eds.), The Sociology of Mental Health and Illness. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

The link to the abstract for this article is not available.